A randomized, open-label, active parallel-controlled clinical trial showed that 2 nonconsecutive fasting days (with a daily energy intake of 500 kcal for women and 600 kcal for men) and 5 days of habitual intake per week and meal replacement diet (5:2 MR) achieved better glycemic control compared with metformin and […]
A prospective multicenter cohort study revealed that protocol-directed active surveillance is safe and effective for avoiding overtreatment and preventing undertreatment in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. The study included 2155 patients with favorable-risk prostate cancer and no prior treatment from 2008 to 2022 with a median follow-up of 7.2 years. […]
A US prospective population based cohort study suggested that higher ultra-processed food intake was associated with slightly increased all-cause mortality. The associations were mainly driven by meat/poultry/seafood based ready-to-eat products, sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, dairy based desserts, and ultra-processed breakfast foods. The study included 74 563 women (1984-2018) and 39 501 […]
The US Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial results do not support hormone therapy with oral conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate for postmenopausal women or conjugated equine estrogens alone for those with prior hysterectomy to prevent cardiovascular disease, dementia, or other chronic diseases. However, hormone therapy is effective for […]
A prospective Chinese Mendelian randomization study revealed that participants with higher body mass index (BMI) but lower waist circumference (WC) had the lowest mortality risk among the oldest-old. The study enrolled 5306 community-based oldest-old (mean age 90.6 years) between 1998 and 2018. Genetic risk scores were constructed from 58 single-nucleotide […]
A randomized, non-inferiority trial in Singapore showed that mandibular advancement device (MAD) was non-inferior to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for reducing 24-hour mean arterial blood pressure (BP) in patients with high BP and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The trial randomized 220 participants with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea–hypopnea index AHI ≥15 […]
Data from a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands suggested that sarcopenic obesity (SO) may be associated with worse survival, and screening for muscle function may help for early identification and prevent premature death among older people. From March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014, 5888 participants (mean age, 69.5 […]
An ongoing US prospective cohort study suggests that lactase (LCT) genotype may modify the relationship between milk intake and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with higher milk intake associated with lower risk of T2D only in lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals but not in lactase persistence (LP) individuals. The study […]
A Chinese cohort study revealed that clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) contributed to incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and could be modified by germline genetic risk, especially in inflammatory genes. The study used data from 3 prospective cohorts in China. Participants (n=6181, median age 53.8, female 49.9%) without cardiovascular […]
A US randomized clinical trial of healthy adult identical twin pairs showed that a healthy plant-based diet offers a significant protective cardiometabolic advantage compared with a healthy omnivorous diet. The open-label, parallel, dietary randomized clinical trial enrolled 22 pairs of twins (N = 44, 34 female; mean age, 39.6 years; mean body […]