Salivary Cortisol Patterns May Indicate Cognitive Aging

Older adults with higher cumulative daily cortisol levels experienced faster cognitive decline, while healthier day-to-day cortisol variability was linked to slower decline, suggesting that salivary cortisol may serve as an early biomarker of cognitive aging, although it was not associated with short-term Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In this US prospective […]

Ketogenic Diet Beneficial in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

A randomized controlled trial found that a ketogenic diet significantly improved metabolic health, cognitive performance, and psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar I disorders, with improvements in depressive symptoms linked to ketosis rather than weight loss. In this study, 58 outpatients were randomized to either a ketogenic diet […]

Smell Loss Linked to Depression

Subjective olfactory impairment (self-reported smell loss) is consistently associated with a higher likelihood of depression, whereas objectively measured olfactory impairment is more strongly linked to depression in older adults and individuals with complete smell loss. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 23 population-based studies representing 17 independent cohorts and 187,056 […]

Accelerated Biological Aging Linked to Higher Cancer Risk

Accelerated biological aging was associated with a higher risk of early-onset solid cancers in young adults, particularly lung, gastrointestinal, and uterine cancers, suggesting that biological aging may help explain the rising incidence of cancer in recent generations. In a study of 154,169 young adults from the UK Biobank, systemic biological […]

Testosterone Therapy Without Hypogonadism Linked to Higher Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk

Men who started testosterone therapy (TT) without evidence of hypogonadism had significantly higher long-term risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, cardiac arrest, and heart failure than men with documented hypogonadism. In this global retrospective real-world study of 358,957 men aged 30–75 years initiating TT, 35.4% […]

Lifestyle Intervention May Slow Early Cerebral Small-Vessel Injury

A secondary MRI analysis of the US POINTER randomized clinical trial found that a structured multidomain lifestyle intervention slowed the progression of cerebral small-vessel disease–related injury, as measured by white matter free water (FW), in adults aged 60–69 years, but not in those aged 70 years or older, suggesting greater […]

Shared and Region-Specific Dementia Risk Factors

Dementia risk factors vary substantially across countries, but they frequently cluster together in similar patterns worldwide, supporting both context-specific prevention strategies and multidomain interventions. In this comparative cross-sectional study of 214,251 adults aged 50 years and older from 14 countries and regions spanning high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries, […]

Comparative Benefits and Risks of Anti-Obesity Drugs

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 262 randomized trials involving 99,791 participants found that anti-obesity medications vary substantially in both effectiveness and safety, with greater weight loss generally accompanied by higher rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuation. At one year, tirzepatide and cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) produced the greatest confirmed […]

Early Mild Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy May Still Carry Significant Cardiovascular Risk

Approximately 21% of patients with phenotypically mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a mean follow-up of seven years, highlighting that even apparently mild disease requires careful long-term monitoring. In this prospective analysis of 2,500 patients from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry, 21% developed MACE, including […]

High-Intensity Interval Exercise Reduces Energy Intake in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

A Danish randomized crossover trial found that a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) significantly reduced immediate energy intake and appetite in adults with overweight or obesity, without increasing food intake over the following 24 hours, while the time of day had only modest effects that differed by type […]