Shared and Region-Specific Dementia Risk Factors

Dementia risk factors vary substantially across countries, but they frequently cluster together in similar patterns worldwide, supporting both context-specific prevention strategies and multidomain interventions. In this comparative cross-sectional study of 214,251 adults aged 50 years and older from 14 countries and regions spanning high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries, […]

Comparative Benefits and Risks of Anti-Obesity Drugs

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 262 randomized trials involving 99,791 participants found that anti-obesity medications vary substantially in both effectiveness and safety, with greater weight loss generally accompanied by higher rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuation. At one year, tirzepatide and cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) produced the greatest confirmed […]

Early Mild Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy May Still Carry Significant Cardiovascular Risk

Approximately 21% of patients with phenotypically mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during a mean follow-up of seven years, highlighting that even apparently mild disease requires careful long-term monitoring. In this prospective analysis of 2,500 patients from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry, 21% developed MACE, including […]

High-Intensity Interval Exercise Reduces Energy Intake in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

A Danish randomized crossover trial found that a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) significantly reduced immediate energy intake and appetite in adults with overweight or obesity, without increasing food intake over the following 24 hours, while the time of day had only modest effects that differed by type […]

Proton Pump Inhibitor and Antibiotic Use May Reduce the Benefit of Immunotherapy in NSCLC

Baseline use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and, to a lesser extent, antibiotics was associated with poorer outcomes in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy, suggesting these medications may reduce the benefit of immunotherapy. This post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 […]

Progestogen Contraceptives Linked to Increased Meningioma Risk

A nationwide Danish study found that recent use of several progestogen-containing contraceptives—including cyproterone, desogestrel, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel, injectable medroxyprogesterone, and high-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (IUDs)—was associated with an increased risk of meningioma, with injectable medroxyprogesterone showing the strongest association. Researchers analyzed nationwide health registry data from approximately 3 million women […]

Obesity’s Cardiovascular Risk Gap Is Narrowing in Older Adults—But Not in the Young

An international analysis of nearly 1 million adults found that the long-standing differences in blood pressure and non-HDL cholesterol between older adults with obesity and those of normal weight have narrowed substantially over the past three decades, largely alongside increased use of antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medications. Researchers analyzed data from […]

Vitamins A and D Linked to Better Lung Function in Asthma

Higher vitamin A levels were associated with better lung function in children and adults with asthma, while adequate vitamin D levels were linked to better lung function and slower epigenetic aging in adults. Researchers analyzed two asthma cohorts involving 1,165 children and 1,041 adults, measuring vitamin A and D levels […]

Coffee Consumption Linked to Lower Risk of Liver Disease

Higher coffee consumption was associated with substantially lower risks of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver-related death, while also showing favorable liver imaging and proteomic profiles in a prospective study of nearly 355,000 participants from the UK Biobank. During a median follow-up of 13 years, individuals who drank at least five […]

Autism Subtypes Show Distinct Brain Connectivity Patterns Along the Sensorimotor–Association Axis

Children and adults with autism exhibit altered large-scale brain connectivity patterns compared with typically developing individuals, and these differences are most pronounced in a subtype characterized by lower language, intellectual, and adaptive functioning (LIAF). Using data-driven clustering of standardized phenotypic measures from 419 individuals in the US National Institute of […]