Alcohol consumption was independently associated with a substantially higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), regardless of cirrhosis status. In this study of 1,010 CHB patients followed for a total of 3,684 person-years, 129 (12.77%) developed HCC. Compared with patients without HCC, those who […]
Consuming sweets and simple sugars during antibiotic treatment was associated with greater gut microbiome disruption, including reduced microbial diversity and expansion of the pathobiont Enterococcus. In this study, researchers precisely tracked 9,419 meals consumed by 173 patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation and analyzed longitudinal microbiome changes in 158 patients with […]
Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) was associated with increased risks of multiple chronic diseases and all-cause mortality, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 prospective cohort studies involving 8,819,894 adults. Compared with lower consumption, higher UPF intake was associated with greater risks of cardiovascular events (HR 1.24), […]
The secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that a low-fat vegan diet reduced dietary energy density by approximately 30%, leading to lower energy intake and greater weight loss without prescribed calorie restriction. The study included 244 adults with overweight who were randomly assigned to either an ad libitum […]
A Danish randomized crossover trial found that a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) significantly reduced immediate energy intake and appetite in adults with overweight or obesity, without increasing food intake over the following 24 hours, while the time of day had only modest effects that differed by type […]
US Adults with prediabetes who participated in an intensive lifestyle intervention had a significantly lower risk of developing multiple chronic diseases over 25 years, while metformin did not provide a similar benefit. This long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS) included 1,173 […]
Even alcohol consumption commonly considered “moderate” was associated with increased lifetime risks of death and disease, with no evidence of a net protective health effect at low levels of drinking. Researchers estimated alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity risks in the US by integrating data from national health surveys, U.S. Census population […]
Long-term follow-up of two randomized lifestyle intervention trials found that reducing visceral fat—not simply losing weight—was strongly associated with sustained cardiometabolic health benefits, and every 10% reduction in visceral fat lowered the future risk of type 2 diabetes by 28%. Researchers followed 366 participants from the 18-month CENTRAL and DIRECT-PLUS […]
A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis involving 69 randomized controlled trials and 153,902 adults found that calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, or their combination offer little to no clinically meaningful benefit in preventing fractures or falls in adults not taking osteoporosis medications. Most participants were community-dwelling individuals (87%) and were […]
A new clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) alone remains the most effective first-line treatment for chronic insomnia, while adding medication may offer modest benefits for select outcomes such as total sleep time. The guideline is supported by […]