Even moderate alcohol consumption was consistently linked to a higher risk of multiple cancers, with clear dose–response relationships showing that risk rises with greater frequency and quantity of drinking. In this systematic review of 62 U.S.-based studies, alcohol use was most strongly associated with increased risks of breast, colorectal, and […]
A growing body of evidence shows that ultra-processed foods are displacing traditional, whole-food diets worldwide and driving major diet-related chronic diseases. Drawing on decades of dietary surveys, global sales data, cohort studies, randomized trials, and mechanistic research, this first paper in a three-part Lancet Series reports that ultra-processed foods have […]
Ongoing peer-reviewed evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of vaccines against Covid-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza during the 2025–2026 season. In a systematic review of 511 studies out of 17,263 identified references, Covid-19 mRNA vaccines targeting the XBB.1.5 subvariant showed pooled effectiveness against hospitalization of 46% from cohort […]
The British Dietetic Association has developed the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults. Four systematic reviews and meta-analyses encompassing 75 randomized controlled trials informed 59 recommendation statements, developed through the GRADE framework and Delphi consensus among a multidisciplinary Guideline Steering Committee. The recommendations […]
A US longitudinal population-based cohort study suggests that chronic insomnia, especially with reduced sleep, is a risk factor for cognitive decline and adverse brain health in older adults. Researchers followed cognitively unimpaired participants who underwent annual neuropsychological testing and brain imaging (amyloid-PET and MRI for white matter hyperintensities [WMH]) over […]
A Brazilian longitudinal cohort study suggested that consumption of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) was associated with accelerated cognitive decline. A total of 12,772 civil servants (mean age 52 years, 55% women) were followed over three study waves across eight years. Using dietary questionnaires and cognitive testing, researchers found that […]
A prospective cohort study involving 12,134 Chinese adults examined the link between intake of refined carbohydrates, staple foods, and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Over a median follow-up of 4.32 years, 4,447 new MASLD cases were identified. Higher total refined carbohydrate intake was associated with increased […]
A randomized controlled crossover trial in England examined the impact of ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption on weight loss within the framework of national dietary guidelines. Fifty-five adults (BMI 25–40, with habitual UPF intake ≥50% of daily calories) were assigned two 8-week ad libitum diets based on the UK Eatwell Guide: […]
A US clinical-pathologic cohort study found that more frequent morning naps were linked to a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia. Additionally, more naps in the early afternoon and more consistent nap patterns were linked to lower levels of Alzheimer’s pathology. The study analyzed data from 936 older adults (aged […]
A pooled analysis of lifestyle intervention trials suggested that adopting a healthy lifestyle can confer metabolic benefits beyond weight loss (WL) alone. The study investigated how individual responses to long-term lifestyle interventions for WL affect cardiometabolic risk by pooling data from three long-term lifestyle WL-intervention trials with adherence rates of […]