Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was modestly associated with incident dementia in older adults (pooled HR = 1.18), but the strength and specificity of this association depended substantially on comparator selection and handling of time-related bias. In the meta-analysis of 23 longitudinal observational studies of older adults without dementia at […]
Escitalopram, duloxetine, and agomelatine achieved higher sustained response rates than fluoxetine, while escitalopram and duloxetine also showed lower all-cause discontinuation, according to a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 115 double-blind randomised controlled trials (30,428 participants) comparing 21 antidepressants for long-term (>12 weeks) treatment of adult unipolar major depressive disorder. […]
A circadian subtype of depression is associated with earlier disease onset, more severe clinical features, poorer response to commonly prescribed antidepressants, and a distinct genetic risk profile. In a nationwide Australian Genetics of Depression Study, 2,604 participants (23%) met criteria for this subtype, defined by at least three circadian-associated features, […]
A longitudinal study of 995 U.S. older adults found that frequent and unintentional daytime napping was associated with an increased risk of developing dementia over 10 years. Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, researchers followed participants from 2013 to 2023 and found that frequent nappers had […]
In patients with severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, carotid revascularization—either carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA)—added to intensive medical management (IMM) did not significantly improve cognitive function compared with IMM alone over up to 4 years. The CREST-2 randomized clinical trials included 2,366 US patients, of whom 2,165 […]
Higher functional-connectivity-derived brain age deviation was consistently associated with poorer cognitive performance—particularly working memory and executive function—and greater depressive symptoms in young and mid-life adults, while also showing links to gut microbial and metabolic signatures. In a discovery cohort of 674 participants, with replication in a cohort of 444 and […]
Higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia, but the associations differed substantially by physical activity domain. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, 74 cohort and case–control studies involving 4,227,297 participants were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 10.0 years. […]
Maintaining optimal vascular health in midlife was associated with up to 12.6 additional years of life free from dementia between ages 55 and 95. The prospective analysis of 12,409 participants from the US Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study followed for a median of 26.3 years, evaluated three major midlife […]
Restricting sugar intake during the first 1,000 days from conception was associated with a lower risk of dementia, delayed disease onset by about 2.5–2.9 years, and better brain health in later life. Using the end of UK sugar rationing in September 1953 as a natural experiment, researchers analyzed 64,737 UK […]
To reduce the risk of cognitive decline and/or dementia specifically, the WHO just released updated guidance and dementia-specific recommendations: cognitive training may be offered to older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment and engagement in cognitive stimulation may be encouraged. Engagement in social activity interventions may be recommended. […]