The American Cancer Society (ACS) concludes that the benefits of PSA-based screening for prostate cancer outweigh the harms, recommending biennial screening from ages 50–69 for average-risk men; annual screening from ages 45–69 for Black men and non-Black men with a strong family history; biennial screening from ages 45–69 for non-Black […]
In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high cardiovascular risk, targeting a systolic blood pressure (BP) of less than 120 mm Hg did not significantly reduce major cardiovascular events compared with a target of less than 140 mm Hg, according to a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial conducted in Brazil. […]
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is associated with reduced thymic output and accelerated thymic ageing, while statin treatment may help preserve immune cell production. In a Chinese study of 562 patients with heterozygous FH and 295 age-matched healthy controls, researchers found that untreated FH patients had a significantly lower proportion of recent […]
A prospective cohort study of 1,861 patients with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in South Korea found that very low protein intake was associated with higher risks of kidney failure requiring replacement therapy (KFRT) and all-cause mortality, without a significant association with major adverse cardiovascular events. Over a median follow-up […]
A meta-analysis of 85 randomized clinical trials involving 70,543 participants found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were associated with small but statistically significant increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels compared with control treatments, although the clinical significance of these changes remains unclear. The trials had a median follow-up of […]
A 16-week low-fat vegan diet was associated with significant reductions in body weight, visceral fat, liver fat, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), alongside improved insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this US study of 25 participants, mean body weight decreased by 6.0 […]
In an international multicenter cohort of 4,302 individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and high blood pressure, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi) and calcium channel blocker (CCB) use was associated with more favorable liver outcomes and a lower risk of long-term liver-related events (LREs). Over a median follow-up of […]
A randomized trial found that a combined low-energy diet (800–900 kcal/day) and structured exercise program induced type 2 diabetes remission in 54% of adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes (≤45 years), compared with only 4% receiving usual care at 24 weeks. The open-label trial included 96 adults aged 18–45 years […]
Alcohol consumption was independently associated with a substantially higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), regardless of cirrhosis status. In this study of 1,010 CHB patients followed for a total of 3,684 person-years, 129 (12.77%) developed HCC. Compared with patients without HCC, those who […]
Consuming sweets and simple sugars during antibiotic treatment was associated with greater gut microbiome disruption, including reduced microbial diversity and expansion of the pathobiont Enterococcus. In this study, researchers precisely tracked 9,419 meals consumed by 173 patients undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation and analyzed longitudinal microbiome changes in 158 patients with […]