A randomized noninferiority trial in Australia suggested that intermittent energy restriction is an effective alternative diet strategy for the reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level comparable to continuous energy restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and it may be superior to continuous energy restriction for weight loss. The […]
A prospective cohort study in the US revealed that adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study included 11,527 participants (8,970 women) with T2D diagnosed during follow-up of an average […]
A systematic review found that exercising for at least 52 hours (averaging about an hour, 3 times a week) is associated with improved cognitive performance in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Another population-based study in Chinese suggested that active participation in intellectual activities might help prevent dementia in […]
A Dutch population-based study revealed that a better diet quality is associated with larger brain tissue volumes. The study included 4,447 participants (average age 65.7; female 56.8%) underwent dietary assessment and brain MRI scanning between 2005 and 2015, excluding participants with an implausible energy intake, prevalent dementia, or cortical infarcts. […]
A study in US adults concluded that a healthy lifestyle could substantially reduce premature mortality and prolong life expectancy. The study included 123,329 adults and defined 5 low-risk lifestyle factors as never smoking, body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, ≥30 min/d of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate […]
The US Preventive Services Task Force has updated recommendations of exercise, but not vitamin D for fall prevention interventions in community-dwelling older adults. According to a systematically review of 62 randomized clinical trials (N = 35 058), multifactorial intervention trials were associated with a reduction in falls (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.79). Exercise […]
Growing body of evidence supports that increasing adiposity has a detrimental association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and longevity. The association of body mass index (BMI) with CVD appeared more susceptible to confounding due to pre-existing comorbidities. Associations of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and percentage body fat mass with […]
A randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together with fecal shotgun metagenomics, showed that a select group of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing strains of the gut microbiota was promoted by dietary fibers, and correlated with improved blood-glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The improvement in hemoglobin […]
A randomized chemoprevention study in the US found evidence that calcium and vitamin D supplementation increased the risk of sessile serrated adenomas or polyps (SSA/Ps), precursor lesions for colorectal cancer. A total of 2259 participants with one or more adenoma at baseline were randomized to receive 1200 mg/day of elemental calcium, […]
A randomized, open, crossover trial in Italy showed that both low-calorie lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (VD) and Mediterranean diet (MD) were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass. One hundred eighteen overweight subjects (mean age 51.1 years, females 78%, BMI ≥ 25) with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular […]