A series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective studies and randomized controlled trials with relatively high intakes of dietary fiber and whole grains revealed complementary findings, and striking dose-response evidence indicates that the relationships to several non-communicable diseases could be causal. The analyses included about 135 million person-years of […]
A US study suggested that genetic variations may be at play with vitamin E, increasing cancer risk in some individuals while decreasing risk for others. Multiple pathways may link the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to the vitamin E supplement, alpha-tocopherol, and cancer. The most extensively studied variant in COMT comes in […]
An UK multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial suggests that aspirin and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might have chemopreventive effect on colorectal adenomas. Between Nov 11, 2011, and June 10, 2016, 709 patients aged 55–73 years who were identified during colonoscopy as being at high risk were randomly […]
A multicenter randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands showed that both individual and group hypnotherapy were effective in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Between May 31, 2011, and April 6, 2016, 354 patients with IBS (aged 18–65 years) were randomly allocated (3:3:1) to three groups to receive six sessions of individual […]
An US randomized feeding trial concluded that lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. The study included 164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more from August 2014 to May 2017. After 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, […]
A nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled trial revealed that daily supplementation with high-dose vitamin D or n-3 fatty acids for 5 years among initially healthy adults in the US did not reduce the incidence of cancer or the incidence of major cardiovascular events. The trial included 25,871 participants (5106 black, ages >/=50 […]
A population based cohort study in the UK showed that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The association was particularly elevated among people using ACEIs for more than five years. The cohort of 992 061 patients newly treated with antihypertensive […]
Two prospective cohort studies showed that regular use of low-dose aspirin was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer and that regular, long-term aspirin use was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in the risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). The first study in 2 cohorts of 93,664 (mean age 45.9 […]
A small randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the US showed that oral dietary glutamine supplements effective and safe in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) with intestinal hyperpermeability following an enteric infection. Participants (mean age 31.7, approximately 70% women, and 80% white) were randomized to glutamine (5 g/t.i.d.) or placebo […]
A prospective US cohort study and meta-analysis suggested that both high and low percentages of carbohydrate diets were associated with increased mortality, with minimal risk observed at 50–55% carbohydrate intake. The association was modified by the source of food, with higher mortality when carbohydrates were exchanged for animal-derived fat or […]