Female


A Female Life Stage Framework for Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan

A new multisociety scientific statement introduces the Female Life Stage framework to improve cardiovascular disease prevention and management in girls and women by integrating hormonal, psychosocial, and cardiovascular health across the lifespan. These interconnected domains often experience concurrent dysregulation, which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, yet care remains fragmented […]


Sex Differences in Heart Attacks in Younger Patients

In a US community-based study of patients aged ≤65 years between 2003 and 2018, researchers identified 1,474 index myocardial infarction (MI) events and classified them into six pathophysiologic mechanisms: atherothrombosis, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), embolism, vasospasm, MI with nonobstructed coronary arteries of uncertain cause (MINOCA-U), and supply/demand mismatch secondary […]