Metformin Cessation Linked to Increased Dementia Incidence

A US cohort study suggested that metformin cessation was associated with increased dementia incidence. The cohort consisted of 12 220 early terminators and 29 126 routine users, respectively (women 46.2% and 46.6%, respectively; mean age at start of first metformin prescription 59.4 and 61.1 years, respectively). Early terminators had 1.21 times the […]

Delayed Gut Microbiota Maturation in Infants Predictive of Allergic Diseases

Data from a multi-center longitudinal, prospective, general Canadian population birth cohort study provide insight of the infant microbiome that may be predictive of allergic diseases. Deeply phenotyped participants in the birth cohort (n = 1115) were compared to non-allergic comparator group. There are early-life influences and microbiome features which are uniformly associated […]

Harms May Outweigh Benefits for Anticoagulation in Subclinical AF

A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized trial in European countries revealed that among patients with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) detected by implantable devices, anticoagulation with edoxaban led to a higher incidence of a composite of death or major bleeding but did not significantly improve efficacy outcomes. A total of 2536 patients 65 […]

Sleep Restriction Therapy Effective in Insomnia

A UK pragmatic, superiority, open label, randomized controlled trial of sleep restriction therapy (SRT) versus sleep hygiene concluded that brief primary care nurse delivered SRT is both clinically effective and cost-effective in treating insomnia disorder and improving other aspects of mental health and functioning. A total of 642 participants (mean […]

High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Prognostic in Chronic CAD

A UK prospective cohort study in patients with symptoms suggestive of stable angina suggested that cardiac troponin predicts risk of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death independent of cardiovascular risk factors and disease severity. The study included 4,240 patients (mean age 66 years, 33% female), coronary artery disease (CAD) was identified […]

Subclinical AF Common in HF Patients

A cohort study revealed that subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) was common in heart failure (HF) patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). The study included 367 patients with cardiac monitoring data at baseline and follow-up in a randomized clinical trial of atrial shunt therapy. The […]

2023 Guideline for Chronic Coronary Disease

The updated American guideline provides an evidence-based and patient-centered approach to management of patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD). The guideline is based on a comprehensive literature search from September 2021 to May 2022 and includes the following top take-home messages: Emphasis is on team-based, patient-centered care. Nonpharmacological therapies, including […]

Time-Restricted Eating Without Calorie Counting Effective for Weight Loss

A 1-year US randomized controlled trial concluded that time-restricted eating (TRE) without calorie counting is effective in weight loss, on par with calorie restriction (CR). Ninety obese participants were randomly assigned to 8-hour TRE (eating between noon and 8:00 p.m. only, without calorie counting), CR (25% energy restriction daily), or control […]

Healthy Diet Score, CVD and Mortality in World Regions

An analysis of data from international studies indicated that diets comprised of higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and a moderate amount of fish and whole-fat dairy is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in all world regions, especially in countries with lower income […]