A meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews concluded that reduced salt intake, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) use, and folate supplementation could reduce risk for some cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Combined calcium plus vitamin D might increase risk for stroke. The analysis selected 9 systematic reviews and 4 new randomized controlled trials that encompassed a total of 277 trials, 24 interventions, and 992 129 participants. There was moderate-certainty evidence that reduced salt intake decreased the risk for all-cause mortality in normotensive participants (risk ratio [RR], 0.90) and CVD mortality in hypertensive participants (RR, 0.67). Low-certainty evidence showed that omega-3 LC-PUFA was associated with reduced risk for myocardial infarction (RR, 0.92) and coronary heart disease (RR, 0.93). Folic acid was associated with lower risk for stroke (RR, 0.80; low certainty), whereas calcium plus vitamin D increased the risk for stroke (RR, 1.17; moderate certainty). Other nutritional supplements, such as vitamin B6, vitamin A, multivitamins, antioxidants, and iron and dietary interventions, such as reduced fat intake, had no significant effect on mortality or CVD (very low– to moderate-certainty evidence). Source: https://annals.org/
