Reflex syncopes include vasovagal, carotid sinus, and situational syncope, share a common pathophysiology: an abrupt slowdown of the heart rate and a dilatation of the blood vessels leading to hypo-perfusion of the brain. Pain, seeing blood, emotional reaction, and prolonged standing are triggers of vasovagal syncope. Situational is triggered by urinating, coughing, or swallowing. Carotid sinus is triggered by stimulation of the nerve bundle located in the carotid sinus of the neck. Do NOT PANIC. Keep seated to a lying position with the feet up. It’s a good idea to get serial blood pressures every 5 minutes so you can document the resolution. Don’t let the patient get up until there is a documented normal blood pressure and heart rate. Usually there is no need to call for an ambulance unless the patient actually fell down and hit his or her head or the symptoms are not resolving. Source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/
