The American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) guidelines for the secondary prevention of stroke are provided for control of risk factors, intervention for vascular obstruction, antithrombotic therapy for cardioembolism, and antiplatelet therapy for noncardioembolic stroke. Recommendations are also provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of specific circumstances, including aortic arch atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, patent foramen ovale, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercoagulable states, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, sickle cell disease, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and pregnancy. Special sections address use of antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapy after an intracranial hemorrhage and implementation of guidelines. Recommendations include screening for diabetes and sleep apnea, nutritional assessment, reduction of sodium intake to less than 2.4 grams per day, or even lower to less than 1.5 grams per day, adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet that includes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, legumes, olive oil, and nuts, and limits sweets and red meats. The use of routine supplementation with a single vitamin or vitamin combinations is not recommended. Source: https://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/04/30/STR.0000000000000024.abstract美国心脏协会（AHA ）/美国中风学会（ASA ）颁布中风的二级预防指南以控制危险因子，干预血管阻塞，及心源性脑栓塞的抗血栓治疗和非心源性脑栓塞的抗血小板治疗。并提供在各种具体情况下预防中风复发的建议，包括主动脉弓动脉粥样硬化，夹层动脉瘤，卵圆孔未闭，同型半胱氨酸血症，高凝状态，抗磷脂抗体综合征，镰状细胞病，脑静脉窦血栓形成和妊娠。特别指出对颅内出血实施指南措施后应用抗血栓和抗凝治疗。建议中包括筛查糖尿病和睡眠呼吸暂停，营养评估，减少钠的摄入量以每天小于2.4克，甚至更低至每天不足1.5克，坚持地中海饮食，包括蔬菜，水果，粗粮，低脂奶制品，家禽，鱼，豆类，橄榄油，坚果以及限制甜食和红肉。不建议常规补充单一或复合维生素。来源: https://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/04/30/STR.0000000000000024.abstract
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