American College of Physicians provided advice on screening of 5 common types of cancer: breast, cervical, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate. For breast cancer, biennial mammography screening in average-risk women aged 50 to 74 years, and if informed women ages 40 to 49 years request it. For cervical cancer, start screening average-risk women at age 21 years once every 3 years with cytology (Papanicolaou [Pap] tests), or use a combination of Pap and HPV testing once every 5 years in average-risk women aged 30 years or older who prefer screening less often than every 3 years. Stop screening average-risk women older than 65 years who have had 3 consecutive negative cytology results or 2 consecutive negative cytology plus HPV test results within 10 years, with the most recent test done within 5 years. For colorectal cancer, screening by 1 of 4 strategies: high-sensitivity FOBT or FIT (every year); sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years); combined high-sensitivity FOBT or FIT (every 3 years) plus sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years); or optical colonoscopy (every 10 years) in average-risk adults aged 50 to 75 years. Should not screen average-risk women for ovarian cancer. Should not screen for prostate cancer using the PSA test in average-risk men. Source: http://annals.org/美国医师学院对5种常见癌症（乳腺癌，子宫颈癌，大肠癌，卵巢癌和前列腺癌）的筛查提出了建议。对于乳腺癌，年龄在50〜74岁一般风险的妇女，或年龄40至49岁知情妇女提出要求的话，每两年应用乳腺X线摄影筛查一次。对于宫颈癌，一般风险的妇女从21岁开始每3年进行一次细胞学（宫颈涂片）筛查，30岁或以上一般风险的妇女喜欢较长间隔者可每5年进行一次联合细胞学（宫颈涂片）和乳头瘤病毒测试筛查。65岁以上一般风险的妇女10年内连续3次细胞学结果阴性或连续2次细胞学阴性加上乳头瘤病毒测试，且最近一次测试在5年内完成者可停止筛查。对于大肠癌，50〜75岁一般风险者可采用下列4种方式之一筛查：高灵敏度大便潜血或大便免疫化学检测（每年）;乙状结肠镜检查（每5年）;结合高灵敏度大便潜血或大便免疫化学检测（每3年）加上乙状结肠镜检查（每5年）;或纤维结肠镜检查（每10年）。一般风险的妇女不应筛查卵巢癌。一般风险的男子不应采用前列腺特异抗原测试筛查前列腺癌。来源：http://annals.org/
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