Consumption of nuts, particularly peanuts was associated with decreased overall and cardiovascular disease mortality across different ethnic groups and among individuals from low socioeconomic status (SES) groups. The study included three large cohorts: one included 71 764 US residents of African and European descent, primarily of low SES (March 2002 to September 2009, median follow-up of 5.4 years), and the other 2 cohorts included 134 265 participants in China (December 1996 to May 2000 and January 2002 to September 2006, median follow-up of 6.5 and 12.2 years, respectively). Self-reported nut consumption in the first cohort (approximately 50% were peanuts) and peanut-only consumption in the other two were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14 440 deaths were identified. Nut/peanut intake was inversely associated with risk of total mortality in all 3 cohorts, predominantly driven by cardiovascular disease mortality. A significant inverse association was consistently seen for ischemic heart disease in all ethnic groups. The associations for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke were significant only in Asians. The nut-mortality association was similar for men and women and for blacks, whites, and Asians and was not modified by the presence of metabolic conditions at study enrollment. Peanuts are not really nuts, they are legumes. Studies conducted in high SES populations have found nut consumption to be inversely associated with both total mortality and death from heart disease, respiratory disease and cancer. Source: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/食用坚果，尤其是花生，与不同族群的社会经济地位较低者的整体死亡率和心血管病死亡率降低相关。该研究包括三大组群：一组包括71764名非洲裔和欧洲裔美国居民（2002年3月至2009年9月，平均随访5.4年），主要是社会经济地位较低者；另两组包括134 265中国的参与者（1996年12月至2000年5月和2002年1月至2006年9月，分别平均随访6.5和12.2年）。第一组自我报告的坚果食用量（约50％为花生）和其他两组的花生食用量用验证的食品频率问卷评估。随访期间发现14 440例死亡。在所有3组中坚果/花生摄入量与总死亡率均成反比，主要由心血管病死亡率所决定。各族群均显示显著的与缺血性心脏病的逆相关性。而与缺血性和出血性中风的相关性只有亚洲人显著。坚果/花生与死亡率的相关性对男性和女性以及黑人，白人，亚洲人均相似，且未因研究开始时的代谢状态而改变。花生并不属于真正的坚果，而属豆类。在社会经济地位较高人群中进行的研究已经发现坚果食用量与总死亡率以及心脏病，呼吸系统疾病和癌症死亡率均成反比。来源：http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/
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