International Antiviral Society–USA Panel recommends testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at least once for all adults and adolescents, with repeated testing for those at increased risk of acquiring HIV. At diagnosis of HIV, all individuals should be linked to care for timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Daily emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is recommended as preexposure prophylaxis for persons at high risk for HIV based on background incidence or recent diagnosis of incident sexually transmitted infections, use of injection drugs or shared needles, or recent use of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis; ongoing use of preexposure prophylaxis should be guided by regular risk assessment. Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended for all persons who have sustained a mucosal or parenteral exposure to HIV from a known infected source and should be initiated as soon as possible. Source: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/国际抗病毒学会美国专家小组建议对所有成人和青少年检测人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）至少一次，对那些感染艾滋病毒的高危人群应反复测试。一旦确诊感染艾滋病毒，所有人应当及时启动抗逆转录病毒疗法。作为暴露前的预防措施，对高危人群根据艾滋病发病率或最近确诊为性传染病，使用注射毒品或共用针具，或近期使用非专业性暴露后预防措施者，建议每日应用恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦酯; 持续使用暴露前预防措施应以定期的风险评估作为指导。暴露后预防应尽快启动并建议应用于所有持续性从一个已知的感染源经粘膜或肠胃外接触爱滋病病毒者。来源：http://jama.jamanetwork.com/
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