A prospective neuroimaging study showed that hyperexpansion of the cortical surface area between 6 and 12 months of age preceded brain volume overgrowth observed between 12 and 24 months in high-risk infants who were diagnosed with autism at 24 months. The study included 106 infants at high familial risk of autism spectrum disorder and 42 low-risk infants. Brain volume overgrowth was linked to the emergence and severity of autistic social deficits. A deep-learning algorithm that primarily uses surface area information from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of 6–12-month-old individuals predicted the diagnosis of autism in individual high-risk children at 24 months (with a positive predictive value of 81% and a sensitivity of 88%). These findings demonstrate that early brain changes occur during the period in which autistic behaviors are first emerging. Source: http://www.nature.com/
一项前瞻性神经影像学研究显示，在24个月大被诊断为自闭症的高危婴儿，在6至12个月大之间的皮层表面积的过度扩增早于在12至24个月大之间观察到的脑容量过度扩张。 该研究包括106名自闭症障碍高家族性风险的婴儿和42名低风险婴儿。 脑容量过度扩张与自闭症社交缺陷的出现和严重程度有关。 主要采用来自6-12个月大个体的脑磁共振成像表面积信息的深度学习算法，预测了高风险儿童个体在24个月时自闭症的诊断（阳性预测值为81％而灵敏度为88％）。 这些发现表明，早期的大脑变化发生在自闭症行为最初出现的时期。 来源：http://www.nature.com/