Ongoing cohort studies showed that different types of dietary fats have divergent associations with total and cause-specific mortality. The studies investigated 83349 women and 42884 men since 1980. During 3439954 person-years of follow-up, 33304 deaths were documented. After adjustment for known and suspected risk factors, dietary total fat compared with total carbohydrates was inversely associated with total mortality (hazard ratio [HR] comparing extreme quintiles, 0.84). The HRs of total mortality comparing extreme quintiles of specific dietary fats were 1.08 for saturated fat, 0.81 for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 0.89 for monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and 1.13 for trans-fat. Replacing 5% of energy from saturated fats with equivalent energy from PUFA and MUFA was associated with estimated reductions in total mortality of 27% and 13%, respectively. The HR for total mortality comparing extreme quintiles of ω-6 PUFA intake was 0.85. Intake of ω-6 PUFA, especially linoleic acid, was inversely associated with mortality owing to most major causes, whereas marine ω-3 PUFA intake was associated with a modestly lower total mortality (HR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.96). There was an inverse relationship between mono-unsaturated fat intake and cardiovascular mortality. However, linoleic acid intake was most robustly related with improved cardiovascular mortality. These findings support current dietary recommendations to replace saturated fat and trans-fat with unsaturated fats. Source: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/
正在进行的群组研究表明，不同类型的膳食脂肪与总死亡率和特定原因死亡率有不同的联系。该研究1980年以来调查了83349名女性和42884名男性。在3439954人 – 年的随访中，33304人证实死亡。校正已知和可疑危险因素后，与总碳水化合物饮食相比，膳食脂肪总量与总死亡率呈负相关（比较极端五分之一人口的风险比为0.84）。比较特定膳食脂肪的极端五分位数的总死亡率风险比则分别为饱和脂肪的1.08，多不饱和脂肪酸的0.81，单不饱和脂肪酸的0.89和反式脂肪的1.13。以多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸等量能源替代5％的饱和脂肪，与估计的总死亡率分别降低27％和13％有关。比较ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量极端五分位数的总死亡率风险比为0.85。 ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是亚油酸的摄入量与大多数主要原因的死亡率呈负相关，而海产ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量与总死亡率温和走低（比较极端的五分之一人口的风险比为0.96）有关。单不饱和脂肪酸摄入量与心血管死亡率之间呈反比关系。然而，亚油酸摄取与心血管死亡率改善相关最显著。这些研究结果支持目前用不饱和脂肪代替饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的膳食建议。来源：http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/