A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 201 participants with mild to moderate pain in one or both knees had 24 weeks of treatment with 1500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride in beverage form or a placebo beverage in the US. The study provided no evidence of decreased cartilage damage on MRI morphology and no decrease in urine C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type II collagen (a marker of osteoarthritis) from glucosamine supplementation. Compared to those treated, controls showed more improvement in bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in all knees but no difference in worsening BMLs. The results are consistent with the National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial of glucosamine and chondroitin, which also found minimal benefits for the supplements. 美国对201名单侧或双侧膝盖轻中度疼痛患者进行了一项随机，双盲，安慰剂对照的临床试验，在24周内从饮料中每天给予1500毫克盐酸葡萄糖胺或安慰剂。无证据显示补充葡萄糖胺可减轻核磁共振测得的软骨损伤或减少尿中的II型胶原蛋白C端交联端肽（骨关节炎的标志）。与治疗组相比，对照组所有膝盖的骨髓病变（BMLs）改善更多，而恶化的骨髓病变则无差异。该结果与国立卫生研究院赞助的有关葡萄糖胺和软骨素的临床研究一致，它也发现了补充葡萄糖胺和软骨素的益处非常有限。
